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Anand Pandey
K.P. Tiwari
Keywords:
conducting polymers; nanocomposites; polyaniline; polypyrrole; PEDOT; graphene; carbon nanotubes; MXenes; synthesis; characterization; sensors; supercapacitors; wearable electronics.
Abstract:
Conducting polymer nanocomposites (CPNCs) have emerged as multifunctional materials in which the redox activity, electronic/ionic transport and processability of conjugated polymers are coupled with the high surface area, mechanical reinforcement and multifunctionality of nanoscale fillers. Polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene derivatives and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are particularly important because their conductivity can be tuned through doping, morphology and chemical functionalization. Nanofillers including graphene and reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, nanocellulose and other two-dimensional materials can establish conductive networks and modify interfacial charge transfer. This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of CPNCs, emphasizing in-situ oxidative polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, vapor-phase approaches, solution processing, hydrothermal/solvothermal methods, electrospinning and emerging printing routes. The roles of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, thermal analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical measurements are critically compared. Particular attention is given to structure–property relationships and applications in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, wearable electronics, electromagnetic-interference shielding, environmental remediation, catalysis and biomedical interfaces. Recent reviews emphasize that combining conducting polymers with nanofillers can overcome limitations of pristine polymers and improve conductivity, stability, morphology and application-specific performance [1–5]. Current challenges include reproducible dispersion, dopant migration, mechanical fatigue, environmental stability, scalable manufacturing, lifecycle impacts and reliable benchmarking. Future research should integrate sustainable synthesis, hierarchical architectures, data-driven materials design, printed manufacturing and standardized device-level testing.
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International Journal of Recent Research and Review
ISSN: 2277-8322
Vol. XVIII, Issue 3
September 2025
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PUBLISHED
September 2025
ISSUE
Vol. XVIII, Issue 3
SECTION
Articles
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